Systematic Literature Review (SLR): Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning pada Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67096/dinamis.v1i2.116Keywords:
berpikir kritis, model pembelajaran, problem based learning, systematic literature reviewAbstract
Kemampuan berpikir kritis merupakan salah satu kompetensi esensial abad ke-21 yang harus dikembangkan melalui proses pembelajaran yang berpusat pada peserta didik. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang dinilai efektif dalam menumbuhkan kemampuan tersebut adalah Problem Based Learning (PBL). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara sistematis efektivitas model PBL dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik, mengidentifikasi indikator berpikir kritis yang paling dominan digunakan, serta menganalisis tren metodologis penelitian terkait PBL dalam rentang waktu 2018–2025. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan mengadaptasi tahapan Kitchenham, meliputi perumusan research question, pencarian literatur, kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, penilaian kualitas artikel, serta analisis dan sintesis data. Proses penelusuran dilakukan pada basis data Google Scholar, Scopus, ERIC, ScienceDirect, dan Garuda, sehingga diperoleh 20 artikel penelitian yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa PBL secara konsisten berpengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik di berbagai jenjang pendidikan, terutama pada indikator analisis, evaluasi, dan inferensi. Selain itu, tren penelitian menunjukkan dominasi pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan peningkatan signifikan pada studi mixed method dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, khususnya yang mengintegrasikan teknologi digital. Dengan demikian, PBL terbukti menjadi model pembelajaran yang efektif dan adaptif dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis, meskipun keberhasilannya sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas desain masalah, peran guru sebagai fasilitator, serta konteks implementasi pembelajaran.
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